Methods and costs associated with outfitting light aircraft for remote sensing applications

This document was designed to provide the potential user of a light aircraft remote sensor platform/data gathering system with general information on aircraft definition, implementation complexity, costs, scheduling and operational factors involved in this type of activity. Most of the subject material was developed from actual situations and problem areas encountered during the build-up cycle and early phases of flight operations

Nighttime observations of thunderstorm electrical activity from a high altitude airplane

Nocturnal thunderstorms were observed from above and features of cloud structure and lightning which are not generally visible from the ground are discussed. Most, lightning activity seems to be associated with clouds with strong convective cauliflower tops. In both of the storms lightning channels were visible in the clear air above the cloud. It is shown that substances produced by thunderstorm electrical discharges can be introduced directly into the stratosphere. The cause and nature of the discharges above the cloud are not clear. They may be produced by accumulations of space charge in the clear air above the cloud. The discharges may arise solely because of the intense electric fields produced by charges within the cloud. In the latter case the ions introduced by these discharges will increase the electrical conductivity of the air above the cloud and increase the conduction current that flows from the cloud to the electrosphere. More quantitative data at higher resolution may show significant spectral differences between cloud to ground and intracloud strokes. It is shown that electric field change data taken with an electric field change meter mounted in an airplane provide data on lightning discharges from above that are quite similar to those obtained from the ground in the past. The optical signals from dart leaders, from return strokes, and from continuing currents are recognizable, can be used to provide information on the fine structure of lightning, and can be used to distinguish between cloud to ground and intracloud flashes

Histidine nutrition and genotype affect cataract development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary levels of histidine (His) and iron (Fe) on cataract development in two strains of Atlantic salmon monitored through parr-smolt transformation. Three experimental diets were fed: (i) a control diet (CD) with 110 mg kg-1 Fe and 11.7 g kg-1 His; (ii) CD supplemented with crystalline His to a level of 18 g kg-1 (HD); and (iii) HD with added iron up to 220 mg kg-1 (HID). A cross-over design, with two feeding periods was used. A 6-week freshwater (FW) period was followed by a 20-week period, of which the first three were in FW and the following 17 weeks in sea water (SW). Fish were sampled for weighing, cataract assessment and tissue analysis at five time points. Cataracts developed in all groups in SW, but scores were lower in those fed high His diets (P < 0.05). This effect was most pronounced when HD or HID was given in SW, but was also observed when these diets were given in FW only. Histidine supplementation had a positive effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), whereas this did not occur when iron was added. Groups fed HD or HID had higher lens levels of His and N-acetyl histidine (NAH), the latter showing a marked increase post-smoltification (P < 0.05). The HD or HID groups also showed higher muscle concentrations of the His dipeptide anserine (P < 0.05). There was a strong genetic influence on cataract development in the CD groups (P < 0.001), not associated with tissue levels of His or NAH. The role of His and His-related compounds in cataractogenesis is discussed in relation to tissue buffering, osmoregulation and antioxidation

Comprehensive Spectral Analysis of Human EEG GENERATORS in Posterior Cerebral Regions

Human electroencephalogram generator spectral analysis in posterior cerebral region

Electroencephalographic baselines in astronaut candidates estimated by computation and pattern recognition techniques

Electroencephalographic baselines in astronaut candidates estimated by computer and pattern recognition technique

A study of the impact on the Hinds County School system by a possible removal of one or two geographical areas

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/ms_school_surveys/1001/thumbnail.jp

Physiological Parameters in Response to Levels of Pressure during Contemporary Cryo-Compressive Applications Implications for Protocol Development

Background The effectiveness of simultaneous dosages of compression and cryotherapy that cryo-compressive devices can offer are of interest in the management of sports injury or post-exercise recovery. Dose-response in terms of physiological parameter is required to inform current practice in the remit of sports medicine to help define optimal protocols for application. The current study aimed to investigate the physiological effects and subjective responses of different cryo-compression dosages offered by two cryo-compressive devices over a rewarming period. Methods Twenty-nine healthy male and female participants (male n=18; female n=11) volunteered (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 3.6 years, height 168.2 ± 8.6 cm, weight 67.4 ± 11.5 kg and thigh circumference 50.7 ± 6.7 cm). Objective measures included skin surface temperature, muscle oxygenation saturation, thermal comfort and sensation. Data were collected pre, immediately post and over a 20-minute rewarming period. Participants were randomly assigned to either Group A (Game Ready); B (Squid) or C Control group. Intervention groups received different cryo-compressive protocols for testing, but all received 15-minutes of cooling. Results Significant reductions in skin surface temperature were displayed across the intervention groups for all time-points (p≤0.05). Analysis of all data displayed a significant effect of time (p≤0.001) on muscle oxygenation. Collapse of the data indicated significant differences in muscle oxygenation across the different modalities and pressure (p≤0.05). Conclusion Muscle oxygenation saturation and skin surface temperature responses differ depending on pressure dose in conjunction with cooling. Higher initial increases of muscle oxygenation saturation immediately post intervention correlate to higher levels of compression. Greater magnitudes of cooling can be achieved through the adjunct of compression. Dose-response relationships between cooling and simultaneous compression should be considered and are dependent on the therapeutic aim of treatment. In order to develop optimum protocols for management of either injury or recovery parameters further investigation is required of contemporary cryo-compressive devices

Vibrational relaxation measurements in CO2 USING an induced fluorescence technique

Vibrational relaxation measurements in carbon dioxide using induced infrared fluorescence techniqu

Evaluating system change options and timing using the epoch syncopation framework

Complex engineering systems face many unknowns with respect to their operating contexts and time-varying stakeholder needs over their lifespan. A useful means for partitioning this problem is to consider a set of static snapshots of contexts with accompanying stakeholder needs over fixed periods of time, herein called “epochs.” Designs can be optimized towards delivering stakeholder utility in a specific epoch or across a variety of epochs. In order to consider the uncertain sequence of epochs experienced by a system, the Epoch Syncopation Framework (ESF) is introduced in this paper. This framework, using Monte Carlo analysis and Markov probability matrices, analyzes the execution of potential system “change mechanisms,” which alter a system over time to respond to epoch shifts. Through an analysis of design tradespaces, the ESF takes into account performance, schedule, cost, and uncertainty regarding experienced epoch shifts. The intended contributions of the ESF include a set of useful baseline designs, desirable change mechanisms, and strategies for executing change mechanisms across a system lifespan. The ESF is demonstrated through an application to an existing dataset containing designs for a “space tug” satellite including its set of potential epochs.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Systems Engineering Advancement Research Initiativ